Tonny's Learning Log: 11月 2010

2010年11月26日星期五

日本教師資格證書製度及教師的聘任

原文出處：http://www.jlte.com.cn/show.aspx?cid=14&id=111

李敏

北京師範大學附屬中學副校長
世界上許多國家為了確保教師培養的專業化水平和教師的教育專業素質，建立了一系列的教師教育認可製度、多層級的教師資格證書製度。在這樣的製度下，學校只能聘任持有有效證書的教師，否則就要負法律責任。應聘教師也必須持有有效證書才能任教，否則也要負法律責任。教師資格證書是教師聘任和應聘必不可少的法律依據。日本是實行教師許可製度較早的國家。白1949年公佈《教育職員許可法》以來，日本國會不斷對該法令進行修改完善，在面向新時代的教師隊伍建設中，仍然發揮著重要的作用。

2010年11月24日星期三

Note on English Literature (11/25/2010)

The Restoration(復辟) and the 18th century 1660-1785

After civil and religious strife of 17th, British attained political stability and unpreccedented(空前的) commercial vigor.

2010年11月23日星期二

2010/11/23

1. endure (v.)忍受; 忍耐
   例句：He endured three years in prison for his religious beliefs.

2. servicemember 軍人

3. the bereaved 喪失親人的人
   例句：The bereaved parents wept openly.

4. SLDN 服役人員法律維護聯盟
   = Servicemembers Legal Defense Network

5. groovy (a.) 絕妙的；墨守成規的
   例句：That's a groovy hat you're wearing, did you knit it yourself?

6. grant me a new life 使我賦予新的生命

2010年11月20日星期六

It's World Toilet Day: Celebrate with Squats

By Maia Szalavitz Friday, November 19, 2010

In America, we tend to think of squats as exercises, but for the 2.5 billion people worldwide who have no access to toilets, they're practiced for an entirely different reason. About half the world's population has no access to proper sanitation, which puts them at risk for several infectious diseases, including cholera and dysentery, and kills nearly 2 million people annually. At least 5,000 children die from water-related disease every day.

To call attention to the issue, in 2001, Nov. was declared World Toilet Day, and organizers this year are asking people to squat at noon in recognition of the problem. In India, for example, more people have access to cell phones than they do to toilets, according to a recent study. (More on Time.com: Bird Flu Pops Up Again in Hong Kong. Is a Pandemic on Its Way?)

For women, the toilet issue is especially acute — in some countries, they are not permitted to defecate during the day due to issues of "modesty." After dark, however, when they are finally allowed to go, they become vulnerable to assault and rape. (More on TIME.com: The History of the Toilet)

While toilet humor seems to be a human universal (especially, it seems, for preteen boys), the fact that half the world lacks adequate sanitation is no laughing matter.

1. squat (v.) 蹲著
    The old man squatted (down) by the fire.
2. proper sanitation 適當的衛生條件
3. cholera (n.) 霍亂
4. dysentery (n.) 痢疾
5. in recognition of 作為對 ... 的承認(或酬勞, 肯定等)
    He was rewarded in recognition of his service.
    He was awarded a knighthood in recognition of his truly great contribution to the British cinema.
6. defecate (v.) 排便
7. modesty (n.) 謙遜
8. assault (n.) 突擊
    He was charged with sexual assault.
9. rape (v./n.) 強姦
    He had committed several rapes.