2012年2月26日 星期日

W1: Course introduction



Multimedia in English Instructions 多媒體輔助英語教學
Date: 2/20/2012
Instructor: Chin-Wen Chien 簡靜雯
Topic: Course introduction

Learning Journal

Today's class is about the course overview and self-introduction. The instructor used many kinds of ways in elementary school to make students impressed. Besides, class requirement and assignment are mentioned in this class. 

Classroom Activity 1
1. Name card: Students wrote down their name(Chinese and English), email address, major, cellphone number and highlight of the week. 
2. Teacher then called the name to ask Ss to introduce themselves. After doing this, T collected the name cards.
3. Grouping. Teach clap "twice" then find two people in a group, "three times"  then find two people in a group. Finally, make sure four people in a group and give each of them a piece of white board(hardcover) and a marker.
4. Teacher dictates and Ss answer. When teacher said the highlight on name card, each group should write down the name of the person. (1 point each time)

Time Clock 
1. Give each person a piece of paper. 
2. Show the templet of eight clocks on powerpoint, from one to eight o'clock. Then ask Ss to draw eight clocks on the paper. (digital clock is acceptable. )
3. Assign different questions to each clock, like family, friends, trips and so on. 
4. Find a partner to work in pair. Ask a question to each other, and at the same time report it on the o'clock. Besides, sign the name below the clock.
5. Teacher will call the name to invite students to share interesting fact or thing with the whole class. Either from the learner or from the partner will do. 
My time clock


Reflection 1
It's quiet different but interesting way to attend this class. Before the class, I thought the class is concerned largely about the computer assisted English Teaching. However, the course on the other hand aims at using technology to help integrate English Class. But the way of the class is friendly, joyful, and fun, making it an easy environment for Ss to speak English freely and boldly. 

Besides, I like the classroom activity. Two activities that used in class can be reorganized and then used in elementary teaching, especially for beginners or primary learners. In my viewpoint, it's important for TESOL teachers to create friendly and joyful speaking environment to attract Ss' attention, making them got involved and absorbed. I really appreciated this way. 

The grading part is good for me too. I truly like to express what I observed on class. Keeping the learning journal make it a way for me to record the creative thought, wonderful teaching tips, and marvelous teaching aid. Through the pics on class, I can learn to make myself more sure about the learning process and provide me with a brand-new way of self-studying. The design of this class is reasonable and fruitful. I hope I can learn much in this class. What's more, I wanna learn to use multimedia to my heart's content so that I can bring my Ss more interesting course and even attract their attention and motivation .  

Notes on Technology in the classroom, chapter 1

Technology in language teaching(since 1960s and 1970s.)
1. CALL (computer assisted language learning): early 1980.
early CALL activity: text reconstruction (blank out and retype)
2. ICT(internet and communication technology)
Internet and web-based tools
3. TELL(technology enhanced language learning): 1990s
4. Reason for TALL:
  1. internet access: increasingly available
  2. natural and integrated of Ss' lives
  3. English is used in technologically mediated context. (Authentic material)
  4. authentic tasks and materials(ready-made ELT materials)
  5. opportunities for collaboration and communication(no  boundary learning) 
  6. mobile(e-learning, m-learning)
  7. exposure to 4 language skills (L+S+R+W)



Attitude to Technology
  • digital divide 
  • normalization 
  • technophobe
  • technogeeks
  • digital native
  • digital immigrants



Three main reason: lack of 
1. confidence 
2. facilities
3. training

Isn't interactive?time-consuming?
1. We can use computer regularly for project work, or self-study work.
2. Computer-based work can be (a) done alone, (b.) pair- or small-group work.
3. Good coursebook. Better + technology.
4. We don't have to use hard technology to complicate Ss' learning. Just like use email or word processing program and the Internet. Technology tools are used to complement and enhance regular classroom work, like complementary activities, supplementary assigned reading, and data collection email project, webquest, podcast. (enhance Ss' motivation and pleasure)
5. For teachers who have negative experience, we'd better encourage them and recommend the ready-made webquest. 
6. Teachers need to realize that technology does and will break down occasionally, and that it's always good to have a backup plan that doesn't require the use of technology.

  • Do more communicative group work.
  • Offer up more opportunity for kinesthetic learners.
  • Use NFC in language learning


Reflection 2
From my learning experience, I'm quite aquatinted with computer and Internet. They can be my daily necessities from receiving latest information to note-taking. However, I like some of the benefits of using Internet because its convenience and fastness. When you need to find some important information, you don't have to go for long miles for just a book. Online library system enable you to google the book information and you can easily know if the book is out of stock pr not. In sum, it's a new and easy way to get in touch with the real world. However, as I know, there are many experienced teachers afraid of using technology as the way of implement in their teaching. For one thing, technology is strange for them. Learning from the beginning takes time and money to quickly acquire the useful functions. For another, they often have some embarrassing or unpleasant experience when using computer or other technique stuffs. This negative experience may be the obstacle for them to enhance the teaching efficiency and effectiveness. They come to be reluctant or afraid to use technology as their teaching material and even say no to all useful stuff. Just like the coursebook mentioned, teachers lack of confidence, facilities, and training. Instructors in Taiwan have little way to learn the brand-new way of this kind of learning aids so that it's good way for new teachers to implement CALL or TELL in class to help Ss' learning. 
Beside, personally, I'm very interested in computer assisted  language learning, for I really think computer or other technological stuffs like iPad or iPod is natural to students and that they felt easy and friendly when you used these things to learn. In my high school class, I use a learning blog for their self-study purpose. After class, they can go there for the class notice and reminders(I've learned this from Patty Hong), extra practice, issues discussion or some project collection/introduction. Students don't feel nervous and  unwilling to finish these project because they are always more interesting and meaningful. I am profoundly convinced that this can help Ss facilitate their learning and provide them with more exposure of real English environment especially in Taiwan, a fully technology advanced country. 

Word I learned in this chapter:
  1. keypad (n.) (esp. among students) a person with whom one becomes friendly by exchanging e-mails.
  2. rota =roster (n.) list showing duties to be done or names of people to do them in turn 勤務輪值表
  3. scenario (n.) an outline for a plot
  4. mechanic (n.) 機匠; 技工,維護員
  5. layout (n.) 配置圖




2012年2月25日 星期六

Notes on Bilingual Education 1


Bilingual Education:

An educational program in which two languages ate used as mediums of instruction. Around the world, many bilingual education programs are enrichment programs so middle- and upper-class children can enjoy the benefits f bilingualism. In the United States, most bilingual educational programs are transitional in nature, meant to move linguistic minority children into all-English instruction as quickly as possible.

week 3 page. 67-73

Beginning: About the book
"I like being a teacher here because I'm given a chance to be creative, do different types of activities with the children."

Good Expressions:
1. I care about you.
2. I enjoyed being your teacher.
3. I'm very pleased with your work.
4. I know you can do better than this.
5. I don't like the way you are behaving.


Observation:
Teacher asked Ss what Ss did on weekend and used this to create a story.
Ss copied the story from the board.
T checked the spelling and punctuation and displayed good work on the bulletin board.

Ss composed sentences on their workbook as their daily journal. Besides, they drew pictures to accompany it.

Ss read from a small copy of a big book that has been read to the class many times. One classmate sat beside her and help when encounter trouble with a word.

"The children all seem to know what they have to do and do it."

Bilingual Education
Bilingual children need advocates because the political issues surrounding bilingual education tend to overshadow the bilingual issues, and the children get lost in the process.


  • bilingual classroom observation
  • applicable issues
  • Anything that can help children should be used.

Bilingual programs are not meant to be language programs; they are educational programs whose main purpose is to ensure the cognitive development of the students. Collier (1995a, 1995b) found that one of the key factors promoting academic success is cognitively complex instruction through the first language for as long as possible. Use of the native language facilities cognitive development.


  • seatwork
  • master degree 
  • doctor degree
  • teacher educator

Making sense is the essence of learning.
When you want to learn something, we work at the task in various way until it makes sense to us.
Carole Edslsky (1991), Frank Smith (1975, 1986)

  • holistic approach
  • whole language
  • What the learning children do is a result of their own efforts, and teacher only facilities that process. (constructivism)

Everything is simply presented the way it happened, a verbal snapshot of a real classroom at the present time.

Learning Journal:
This chapter showed us the way this book is focus on. Rather that other teaching training books, this book focuses on the topics and relative issues in bilingual education. Bilingual education is neither a teaching approach nor a teaching method. Instead, it's a kind of teaching philosophy. Bilingual advocates believed that the way that Ss learned is the best way doing so, and they tried to make efforts to help student facilitate their knowledge and learning process. In doing this, teacher needed a great deal of observation and investigation to make them easily learn well. However, I felt the author is indeed a good observer, for her vivid description of the classroom activities, student movement, classroom setting and the process why she turned to believe this teaching principle. I don't like her way of words though, her determination and dedication really impressed me and strengthen me to the desire to be a good teacher. 



Words I learned in this chapter:
  1. discipline 學科
  2. Proclaim
  3. Becken 
  4. Rummage
  5. Easel
  6. Math manipulative
  7. Rectangular
  8. Coat room
  9. Dehydrated
  10. Sloppy
  11. Sound stern 
  12. Modulations
  13. Buzz
  14. Calmness
  15. Confer
  16. Overshadow
  17. Multiplication
  18. Tadpole
  19. Caterpillar
  20. Having recurring nightmares
  21. Holistic approach
  22. Mediocre
  23. In a linear fashion 
  24. ground my theory
  25. gracious
  26. helpful
  27. catalyst 催化劑; 觸媒劑
  28. immense (n.) extremely large or great, esp. in scale or degree —>an immense thank you
  29. plow 耕地
  30. reflexive:  showing that the action of the verb is performed on its subject 反身的(詞或形式)
  31. churning/short snow
  32. reason v. think, understand, and form judgments by a process of logic
  33. dispassionate a. not influenced by strong emotion, and so able to be rational and impartial
  34. disguise v. give (someone or oneself) a different appearance in order to conceal one's identity
  35. make sense of
  36. whimsical a. full of whimsy; fanciful, playful or capricious 有很多希奇的或耍笑的舉動或幽默的; 異想天開的; 鬧著玩兒的; 突發奇想的
  37. impressionistic a. ased on subjective reactions presented unsystematically 印象主義的
  38. sounding board 傳播意見等的方法,造輿論的途徑(報紙的讀者投書欄等)
  39. metric n. a system or standard of measurement.
  40. be woven out 編織出
  41. strand 因素,成分[of]
  42. ethnography n [U] scientific description of the different human races 人種志
  43. committed
  44. polemics 辯論

2012年2月16日 星期四

Notes on TESOL 2

Chapter 1 
Behaviorism
Revolution
Mediation Theory advanced by Charles Osgood(調和理論):covert and invisible learning process(psychological)
Critics:
(1) failing to describe 
(a) the nature of language learning 
(b) the relationship between meaning and utterances(強調心理過程)
**act as a backdrop(背景) for cognitive:還是…的本質  


The Nativist Approach 
1. species-specific: 考慮學習者的年齡、生理因素的發展-->CPH (Critical Period Hypothesis,關鍵期假設說:小孩在一定年齡學習語言比較好)(例如先講媽媽,後講爸爸,因為比較好發音)
**台大:請證明越早學語言越好?用語言理論證明(贊成:Nativist Approach)
**應該還在慮社會、文化、動機因素

補充:CPH (Critical Period Hypothesis,關鍵期假設說)
(A) the earlier, the better (1990年代安親班都有附加英語補習班)
(B) critical age: puberty(青少年)
success//puberty//failure(過了一個年紀就沒辦法達到native-like pronunciation)
*缺點:
lack of (a) socio-affective factors (b) motivation

2. self-generated cognition(小孩學習會自己產生規則)
代表實驗:a wug test (Jean Berko, 1958)
(innate feature by Chomsky)
* lack of (a) interaction and (b) peer assistance

3. self evaluation:(學習者有時會自我察覺語言結構的「適切性」,尤其是分析行的學習者)

Parallel Distributed Processing, PDP(1990)
句子分成好幾個單位(unit)。學習語言時必須同時考量語言、心理、社會因素
information is processed simultaneously
*Connectionism(聯結理論): multiple connections are activated at the same time(學一個東西會同時聯結其他的意義或是相關的概念,-ed:過去式、被動、分詞)

The Functional Approach 
1. function =~ language use =~ the meaning of language (elementary teaching won't explain why)
*language <—> language form
**the meaning of language<—>the grammar rules of language (會說、解釋+理解)
2. Think of "function", we should at the same time think of (a) social interaction (b) communicative values (溝通要知道隨著情境其中隱含的意義和目的)
*Lois Bloom, 1971
**Syntax:(Discourse functional approach)
1. formal syntax
2. functional syntax:會因為情境不同而有不同意義 
He cut a cake with a knife.
formal: S + V+O + prep. phrase
functional: agent(行為者) + action(動作) + instrument (用…器具)
***in concert with 隨著…發生

清大:理論導向
找高標、低標,看考古題選出走向,常考領域要多看
熟讀語概應用語言學的部分
每天讀一點China post, Taipei Times
翻譯看每間學校不同的面相
先考托福、全民英檢、多益、雅思

*國北教考古題:如果你要教國小英語,你要怎麼教?請設計一個教案

Chapter 2
Page 6, Age Factors

CPH(Critical Period Hypothesis)
1. Advocates: Lennerberg(1967, 生物學家)
2. Features:
(1) a "biological" timetable (the relationship of age and language)
(2) stimulated (at the right time)—>success in language learning 
Success<—"Puberty14-15"—>Failure
(在「適當」時機給予訓練:青少年時期-->比較容易成功)
3. Evidence: supporting CPH
(1) neurological (神經語言學): lateralization
左腦:語言、分析、語意
右腦:情緒、藝術、音樂
(五歲以前分化不明顯,另一腦可去幫忙掌控過程)
*國小課程常常透過音樂或是藝術的內容去刺激左腦發展(語言學習)

(2) phonological: native-like pronunciation (the latter, the worse) why?
(a) lateralization (b) the overt application of the native language rules to the foreign language learning
成年人喜歡用母語發音規則去學習其他語言的發音
(3) cognitive: the Intellectual Development by Piaget (1972)
(a) sensorimotor stage (birth to 2)
(b) pre-operational stage (2 to 7, 前運思期): Children can't accept abstract concept. (i) Topics: related to young kids' daily events (ii) Analysis of grammars should be avoided. (避免抽象敘述)
(c) operational stage (7-16, 運思期): The abstract explanations of rules can be acceptable. *** 
*Jean Piaget & Vygotsky
** on the basis of= in accordance with = according to = in lieu of = on the grounds of 以…為根據/理論
***理論規則不宜過重
****contention=argument=statement 理論

(4) affective: affective domain
Not consciously aware(younger)<— egocentricity —> consciously aware(older)

(5) linguistic: from Bilingualism 
coordinate bilinguals* <— puberty—> to use one meaning system(native language rules) to acquire two language system***
*兩種語言系統可以「任意掌控」:隨著不同的社會情境(正式、非正式)選擇適切的語言
** be facile at = be skillful at
***小孩用兩種語言模式去學英語,所以比較不會有中式英文的問題


Q2: Conflicting evidence of CPH
1. affective: the identity of the languages being studied(對目前學習語言的認同感)
2. input: The more input is given the more success one is ti achieve. (給予語言刺激量的多寡, language files)
3. social: 
(1) expectation (2) status —> stimulate someone to learn English 
4. motivation(most important): high motivation —> successful learning  



2012年2月9日 星期四

AP中文的課程概述

相關網站資料:
http://www.newconcept.com/Reference/APChinese.html
http://apcentral.collegeboard.com/apc/public/repository/ap07_chinese_frq.pdf
http://chinesedigger.blogspot.com/2009/11/ap-2.html
http://edu.ocac.gov.tw/biweekly/528/p.htm
http://edu.ocac.gov.tw/biweekly/547/p.htm
http://edu.ocac.gov.tw/biweekly/554/p.htm
http://www.svcs-us.org/Archive/pdf/apccdtf.pdf
http://www.huayuworld.org/?page_id=132&wpforumaction=viewforum&f=6.0
http://www.hwjyw.com/hjzx/ksjs/200705/t20070510_920.shtml
http://edu.ocac.gov.tw/biweekly/570/p.htm

2012年2月8日 星期三

「用餐指導費?」從一篇回應看起



其實看到這篇回應我很難過。

我在教育大學的我可以深刻體會到國小老師的養成是條多漫長且磨費耐心的道路。很多人一開始對於教育熱情滿滿,在越接觸越多後,才發現現實面的可怕,尤其到學校實習了後。

一堂看起來簡單的課,其實上老師要花多少時間去準備教材和活動、製作教具、設計學習單、改作業、管秩序。此外,還有最重要的「在上課的時候在加上待人處世的道理」。

當家長們在家裡覺得教好小孩還不是件容易的事的時候,相對來看,不知道家長有沒有想過老師一個人要面對數十個學生,處理他們身心靈成長實所帶來的壓力、煩惱、問題。老師不只是教書匠,老師還要面對這些問題,適時地給於回應、指導,或是有更多的老師在自己「下班之後」,悉心地照顧或約談學生的問題,是問這些老師是不是有另外跟你收鐘點費?還是小孩的所有問題都應該由老師負責?

我對國小比較了解。國小的課程裡面大部分的老師都是要「包班授課」,意思是說,這些國小老師不管他擅長的科目是什麼,他還是要去面對自己不熟悉的科目或知識。從「百萬小學堂」地節目的內容就可以知道,國小的課程裡面包山包海,每種問題都有可能面對到。此外,國小的小孩對於抽象的概念地理解度並不像成人那樣好,學校老師常常要花很多時間去用具體的例子去解釋抽象的觀念或道理,或許你很難想像一個小學老師要花多少時間回家尋找資料,花多少時間把這些看似平淡無奇的知識本身,包裝成一顆顆外表華實的美麗軟糖,送到學生面前。讓他們用無比開心、好奇並歡樂地送進自己的大腦,讓他們每天都學校都是開心而充滿收穫的。

在我的印象裡面,大部分的老師在學校都吃的不太好。只有及少數的老師可以完整地吃到熱騰騰的飯菜。大部分的老師因為擔心班上同學在打菜和用餐的時候出狀況,大部分都會到教室陪同用餐。等到他們吃完,有些學校還會在午餐前讓小孩打掃教室,老師就得去注意打掃工作有沒有做好,如果學生不太會掃,我想有很多的老師還會親自帶著他們去做,等到把這堆古靈精怪的小可愛送回家之後,回到辦公室。

帶著滿滿的歡笑吃著冷冷的飯菜?還是帶著悲怨的心情吃著從微波爐加熱後的午餐?更不用提每天有滿滿的作業要改,事情要處理,聯絡簿要每天手寫。

一天天下來,要花多少心力、多少年的青春,但還是無怨無悔。

如果說國小老師「一定要有愛心」,我覺得太說不過去了。因為這樣的定義是在於老師願意這樣不求回報的付出,而不是被大家說的老師這個職業是個愛心耐心氾濫的職業。

坐檯費的說法真的太扯,你如果在公司工作請問你有沒有拿過「誤餐費」?一餐是多少錢呢?要不要比一比,國小老師陪你20天中午和午睡,領你2000元?不。是兩百元,比到便利商店打工兩小時還少。

說實話如果我是國小老師,我也會不削這兩百塊,那以後班上中午秩序和安全就交給小孩自己負責。

充滿愛心的家長們,您買單嗎?


題外話:
上次去書店的時候看到了這本書,有個部分說的很好。老師難為。
如果你的小孩回家跟你打什麼小報告,你最好把事情全部搞清楚之前在做出回應,而不是劈頭就說「我的小孩不可能.....」、「他在家裡的時候......」的這些話。說真的,老師除了默默承受你的意見之外,他還能做什麼?

2012年2月3日 星期五

美國牛肉所見所聞


這幾天美國表態希望台灣開放美國牛肉,包過含瘦肉精的牛絞肉和豬肉,我當下聽到覺得很莫名其妙。距離馬政府贏的選票還不到一個月,美國方面現在就這麼強烈的要求台灣表態,就我的看法我認為這應該算是展開大規模選前承諾的前哨站。

美國在大選期間宣布台灣可望得到美國簽證,當時還是馬政府的領導之下,聽起來很像是因為台灣一直以來表現就不差,也可能是因為台灣政治穩定所做的決策,但沒想到這一切只是邪惡利益交換下的產物。

台灣政府同意進口美國牛肉+含瘦肉精的肉品=開放美國免簽證+TIFA協議?

看完幾篇報導只後大概可以理出幾個頭緒:
1. 馬英九總統2日晚間強調「美牛是否開放進口,必須以科學和經驗為基礎,兼顧國民健康和國際關係」,3日在出席觀光節大會時則未做任何表態。府方3日也再度重申美牛進口「沒有預設立場和時間表」。
2. 除了在野黨外,農業縣市的藍營的立委也試著透過連署或是藉由口頭的方式向馬總統表示勿輕易答應美牛的進口。必要時不排除跨黨派的串連。
3. 社會輿論方面有部分社會團體(像是主婦聯盟)也反對美牛的進口。

在這個事件中有部分的人提出日本也有進口美國牛肉,但是採行雙軌制。但是像是中國大陸也沒有進口美國牛肉。

不管是朝野立委、或是人民團體都不之吃的狀況之下,我想馬總統應該好好考慮美牛進口與否,並不要因為美國的強力施壓之下就輕易答應,台灣民眾的健康問題並不能這樣被玩弄。

在我認為他所說的經驗和科學目前都是無解的狀況之下,老實說我蠻擔心的。我們從經驗面來看,台灣在三年前就禁止美國帶骨牛肉的進口,而且從歷任衛生署長的口吻看來我們都不應該直接開放美牛或是帶有瘦肉精肉品進口台灣。從科學的角度上,如果站在嚴謹的態度作為把關,我覺得並不能因為目前沒有測出「瘦肉精是否對人體造成危害」的這個沒有結果的點,就消極的認為這些肉品是沒有問題的。

因此我強烈認為開放進口與否應該跟台灣的畜牧業代表、社會團體、朝野立委以及「司法中立的」科學及醫學界的代表經過一段務實且深刻的對話後,在做決定。

相關新聞: